The Crisis of National Sovereignty in a Fragile State: "The Post-2011 Libyan Case as a Model" (An Analytical Study)

Abstract

     This study examines the fragmentation of sovereignty in fragile states through the Libyan case after 2011. It analyzes how political and institutional division weakened central authority and allowed multiple centers of power to emerge. The study also highlights the role of armed groups, local actors, and regional and international interventions in limiting the Libyan state’s ability to monopolize decision-making and the legitimate use of force. Using the descriptive-analytical method, the historical method, and the case study approach, the study shows that the erosion of sovereignty in Libya resulted from overlapping internal and external factors, including institutional division, legitimacy crisis, the spread of arms, and foreign intervention. The study concludes that rebuilding Libyan sovereignty requires unifying state institutions, controlling arms, restoring political legitimacy, reducing external influence, and establishing a comprehensive national consensus.